Stairs - all you need to know about them
The main purpose of the stairs - it's different levels of space communications, as well as the possibility of lifting and lowering to the desired floor. In ancient times the staircase had a special purpose, it was thought that it connects the worlds, allowing to move up or down. Since the appearance of the first ladder accessories, mostly made of stone or branches of trees , it has been a few hundred years, which allowed to improve these designs, creating their various forms and types.
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| spiral stairs design |
Today, manufacture
and installation of stairs acquired wide popularity, they are widely
used not only in urban buildings, but in the architectural buildings in
the country. It is difficult to imagine any multi-story building without
a ladder structure, even despite the modern ways of ascent or descent,
such as an elevator.
stairs parts
The stairs consists
of individual elements, in principle, it is a fairly simple one: base,
steps and fencing, with handrails and railings.
Foot of a staircase
Bottom of the
stairs is considered to support the entire load-bearing structure, is
its leading element, which largely depends on the type of stairs. Thus,
there are several kinds of bases: bowstring, Boltzmann and leg.
Kosour - is supporting beam, which is located under the stair steps in the construction of stairs may be provided one or two.
Bowstring -
also represents a carrier beam which is arranged at the ends of stairs
like tightly fixing step may also be one or two of the bowstring.
Boltzmann - is, in fact, carrying stair railings, steps by which one end attached by struts to the rail, and the other - join the wall.
central support
- support the spiral staircase, anyway - the central pillar on which
the main load is distributed around which secured spiral steps.
Each base requires
its own particular location in the interior stairs room. Thus, the
construction with stringers or beams based on, which are supported
through staircases or may be self-supporting, having a support point at
the top and only the lower part of the span. These are generally used to
give a more three-dimensional shape and occupy a large area in
size. Quite another matter - a ladder on rails, its design looks almost
weightless, elegant and compact due to the fact that the stage or
attached directly to the wall or placed on the core support. As for the
support leg, it is used only one type of stairs rising upward in a
spiral.
stairs types, sizes
The second
important element of the ladder steps are considered. They depending on
the size and appearance, provide convenience step and attach the stairs
or pomposity or same grace. Types of stairs is a different set into the
base, as a rule, put some form of geometric shapes: rectangle, Star,
Triangle. Rung of the ladder may have a closed form, in this case using
additional elements - closed or open, when they are not provided. steps
width is also different, mainly their minimum value - it is 200-250 mm,
and the maximum - not more than 400 mm, but such parameters are
conditional, and you can pick up a non-standard sizes.
Fencing, railings and stair handrail
Railing with
handrail - this is the final element of the ladder structure, it is
performs the function of protection against accidental drops. This is
especially true for steep spiral staircases that, despite all the
splendor of appearance, are considered among the most dangerous in terms
of injury.Exterior fencing may also have a different shape, it is made
in the form of pillars, beams or rectangular elements. Handrails and
stair railings are part of the fence, and on the one hand, provide
security, and on the other - can make all the ladder design originality,
perfection and beauty.
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| modern stairs design |
Materials used in the manufacture of ladders
Set of building
materials used today allows a various options for making stairs.
Typically, the supporting structure is made of reinforced concrete, wood
or metal, and decorate other facing materials: stone, forging, glass,
ceramic tiles, mosaics, and the like. Is recognized and the best
combination of multiple materials in a ladder structure, for example,
wood, metal, or metal, glass, and natural stone.
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| creative interior wood stairs |
Tree
The most commonly used for the manufacture of wood stairs.
types of wood: oak,
pine, larch, ash, maple. However, there are some features to use it -
for starters, wood is well dried, allowed a minimum percentage of
moisture from 6% to 12%, then wooden stairs glued elements of several
boards that allows them to keep for years to come and save you from the
appearance of the defect- fluctuations in temperature.It is also very
important to remember that the manufacture of parts of their geometry
must have a perfect shape, only in this case it is possible to avoid
further strain. Before the installation of wooden stairs surface with
lacquer or oil. Varnish provides a high level of wear resistance steps,
but eventually cleared, which requires additional grinding worn
surfaces. Oil also penetrates deep into the wood, brightly showing its
texture and provides longer operating elements of the stairs. Ready to
assemble and install wooden stairs can be only after all finishing
works, otherwise it may hurt its appearance.
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| amazing interior metal stairs design |
Metal
Another popular
stair material, especially for the style of hi-tech, metal considered.
Typically, the base ladder and its speed is used for stainless steel or
cast iron. Same frame made of stainless steel material, most commonly
used for spiral staircases because of the high load on its base.
Besides, also made of metal stair railings. For the manufacture of
handrails metal can be subjected to a special galvanic treatment such as
chrome plating, nickel and more. But it is also worth to remember that
in this case you should use threaded connections, which are fastened
with a nut. Also, the metal can give different effects: scrapes, bronze
or opacity, using special coating. Look great in the interior and forged
or bent metal elements stairs giving the interior a special atmosphere
of wealth.
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| lovely interior concrete stairs |
Stone
Stone stairs also have a unique appearance and more durable. Most often to perform their stone staircases used marble or granite. As the base usually take concrete. If the ladder is installed in the house, then in principle, does not matter which of the building materials to choose, as they both have a low degree of wear. But if it's stairs to the street, stone steps, especially in winter, can pose a serious danger, especially if they were subjected to polishing. Safer option - it's stone surface, the top layer of which was heat treated differently - roasting fire, resulting from this will help to avoid roughness light falling from a ladder.You have read this article stairs designs
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